Everything about Hard Start totally explained
A
hard start is a
rocketry term referring to an explosion of a rocket engine at ignition.
Rocket ignition
Rocket fuels,
hypergolic or otherwise, must be mixed in the right quantities to have a controlled rate of production of hot gas. A hard start indicates that the quantity of combustible propellant that entered the
combustion chamber prior to ignition was too large. The result is an excessive spike of pressure, possibly leading to
structural failure or even an
explosion (sometimes facetiously referred to as "spontaneous disassembly").
Avoiding hard starts involves careful timing of the ignition relative to valve timing or varying the mixture ratio so as to limit the maximum pressure that can occur or simply ensuring an adequate ignition source is present well prior to propellant entering the chamber.
Hard starts can't happen with purely gaseous propellants, since the amount of the gas present in the chamber is limited by the injector area relative to the throat area, and for practical designs propellant mass escapes too quickly to be an issue.
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